Representative Publications

• Gharbawie, O.A., Whishaw, I.Q. (2006) Parallel stages of learning and recovery of skilled reaching after motor cortex stroke: Oppositions organize normal and compensatory movements. Behavioural Brain Research, 175 (2):249-62
• Gharbawie, O. A., Auer, R.N., Whishaw, I.Q. (2006) Subcortical middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia abolishes the digit flexion and closing of grasping as assessed by a new analysis of digit movements in rat skilled reaching. Neuroscience. 137 (4):1107-18.
• Gharbawie, O. A., Gonzalez, C. L. R., Williams, P.T., Kleim, J.A., Whishaw, I. Q. (2005) Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke produces dysfunction in adjacent motor cortex as detected by intracortical microstimulation in rats. Neuroscience, 130 (3): 601-610.
• Gharbawie, O. A., Gonzalez, C. L. R., Whishaw, I. Q. (2005) Skilled reaching impairments from the lateral frontal cortex component of middle cerebral artery stroke: a qualitative and quantitative comparison to focal motor cortex lesions in rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 156 (1): 125-137. *Gharbawie, O. A., Whishaw, P.A., Whishaw, I.Q. (2004) The topography of three-dimensional exploration: A new quantification of vertical and horizontal exploration, postural support, and exploratory bouts in the cylinder test. Behavioural Brain Research, 151 (1-2): 125-135 *Gharbawie, O. A., Whishaw, I.Q. (2003) Cholinergic and serotonergic neocortical projection lesions given singly or in combination cause only mild impairments on tests of skilled movement in rats: Evaluation of a model of dementia. Brain Research, 970 (1-2): 97-109.
• Kaas, J.H., Qi, H., Burish, M., Gharbawie, O.A., Onifer, S.H., Massey, J.M. (In press). Cortical and subcortical plasticity in the brains of humans, primates, and rats after damage to sensory afferents in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. Journal of Experimental Neurology. *Erickson, C.A., Gharbawie, O.A., Whishaw, I.Q. (2007) Attempt-dependent decrease in skilled reaching characterizes the acute postsurgical period following a forelimb motor cortex lesion: An animal model of post injury behavioral fatigue and depression. Behavioural Brain Research, 179(2):208-18.
• Whishaw, I.Q., Gharbawie, O.A., Clark, B.J, Lehmann, H. (2006) The exploratory behavior of rats in an open environment optimizes security. Behavioural Brain Research, 171(2):230-9 *Williams, P.T., Gharbawie, O.A., Kolb, B., Kleim, J.A. (2006) Experience dependent amelioration of motor impairments in adulthood following neonatal medial frontal cortex injury in rats is accompanied by motor map expansion. Neuroscience, 141 (3):1315-26.
• Gonzalez, C.L.R., Gharbawie, O.A., Whishaw, I.Q., Kolb, B. (2006) Chronic low-dose administration of nicotine facilitates recovery and synaptic change after focal ischemia in rats. Neuropharmacology, 50 (7):777-87.
• Gonzalez, C.L.R., Gharbawie, O.A., Whishaw, I.Q., Kolb, B. (2005) Nicotine stimulates dendritic arborization in motor cortex and improves concurrent motor skill but impairs subsequent motor learning. Synapse, 55(3):183-191
• Gonzalez, C.L.R., Gharbawie, O.A., Williams, P.T., Kleim, J.A., Whishaw, I. Q. (2004) Evidence for bilateral control of skilled movements: enduring ipsilateral skilled forelimb reaching deficits in rats follow motor cortex and lateral frontal cortex lesions. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20 (12): 3442-52.