The Collapse of Reconstruction

1. Republican Factionalism
   1. Scalawags v. Carpetbaggers
   2. Scalawags v. Blacks
   3. Carpetbaggers v. Blacks
   4. Blacks v. Blacks
2. Conservative Determination
   1. Appeals to White Racial Solidarity
   2. Systematic Mobilization--Paramilitary Groups--The "Mississippi Plan"
3. Northern Abandonment
   1. Exhaustion
   2. New Issues--Depression and Money
   3. Decline of "Radical" Faction
   4. Increasing Conservatism
      1. "Good-Government" Reformers--The Liberal Republicans of 1872
      2. Decline of the "Free Labor" Ideal
         1. Fewer "Independent" Small Farmers, Artisans, etc.
         2. More Permanent Wage-Earners
            1. An Immigrant Work Force
            2. Labor Conflict--The Railroad Strike of 1877
         3. Increasing Fear of the Poor, White and Black
   5. Consequences
      1. General Amnesty for Ex-Confederates, 1872
      2. Increasing Reluctance to Intervene--Mississippi, 1875
4. The "Compromise of 1877"
   1. Background--The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876
   2. Terms
      1. Nominal
         1. Southern White Conservatives Throw Electoral Votes of LA, FL, and SC to Republicans--Betray Democrats
         2. National Republicans Withdraw Troops From LA, FL, and SC--Betray Local Republicans
      2. Larger Significance
      1. Northern Acquiescence in White Control of the Southern States, in Return for
      2. White Southern Acquiescence in Northern Control of National Affairs