Origins of Reconstruction

1. Northern Aims--An "Inner Civil War"
   1. "Radical"
      1. Smash "Slaveocracy"
      2. Inculcate "Free Labor" Ideals in the South
   2. Conservative
      1. Restore Union
      2. Avoid Drastic Change
2. "Presidential" Reconstruction
   1. Andrew Johnson and His Program
      1. Blanket Pardon
      2. Provisional State Governments
      3. New State Constitutions--Conditions
         1. Ratify Thirteenth Amendment
         2. Repudiate Secession
         3. Repudiate Confederate Debt
   2. Southern Response
      1. Failure to Meet Constitutional Conditions
      2. Black Codes--Slavery Under Another Name?
      3. Terrorism--Rural Night-Riding and Urban "Riots"
      4. Ex-Confederates Return to Congress
3. "Radicalization" of the North
   1. Actions Before 1867
      1. Refusal to Seat Southern Congressmen
      2. Civil Rights Laws
      3. Freedmen's Bureau Extension
      4. The Fourteenth Amendment
   2. Reconstruction Acts (1867)
      1. Johnson's State Governments Declared "Provisional"
      2. Renewed Military Rule
      3. New Constitutional Conventions
      4. Re-Registration of Voters Without Regard to Race
      5. Required Ratification of Thirteenth, Fourteenth, (later) Fifteenth Amendments
      6. Readmission Once Above Conditions Were Met
   3. Limits, to "Radicals"
      1. No Lengthy Occupation
      2. No Assurances of Independence to Former Slaves