Cities and Commercial Expansion

1. The Antebellum Southern Urban System
   1. Underdevelopment Relative to North
   2. Reasons
      1. Lack of Manufacturing
      2. Low Trade Density
      3. Competition from the North
         1. Diversion of the Western Trade
         2. Centralization of Foreign Trade in NYC--The Backhaul Problem
2. Southern Urban Elites
   1. Leisurely Pace of Life, BUT
   2. Active in Promotion of Cities
      1. Developing the City
      2. Extending Its Reach-->
3. Railroad Development
4. The Urban Poor
   1. White Immigrants
   2. Urban Slavery