more on The Native Leisure Class by Colloredo-Mansfeld

-issues of class and culture
    -being native in a globalized world
    -the homogenization hypothesis (McWorld)
    -suspicion of wealth quick riches: drug trade stories

-Benedict Anderson's (1983) Imagined Communities
    -nationalism and print capitalism
    -the importance of place and spaces (such as on buses) for Otavaleno/Ariasucu identities
    -but also diaspora communities

-Pierre Bourdieu's types of capital
        -economic
        -social
        -cultural

-cultural concentration
-authenticity

modern military regimes in South America:
1945-1958, Venezuela
1954-1989, Paraguay
1964-1982, Bolivia
1964-1985, Brazil
1968-1980, Peru
1972-1979, Ecuador
1973-1984, Uruguay
1973-1990, Chile
1976-1983, Argentina

Southern Cone    map
Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile

MERCOSUR

Paraguay
-size of California, landlocked, capital Asunción, population 5.5m, mostly mestizo
-1954-1989: General Alfredo Stroessner
-Colorado party dominance

Uruguay
smaller, population 3.3m, capital Montevideo
Tupamarco urban guerillas in the 1960s: Cuban communism + liberation theology
1972: a "state of internal war" declared
1973-1984: military rule
tortures, exiles

Chile

large, long and narrow, capital Santiago, population 14.8 million

1970: Salvador Allende (a "socialist") elected president; strongly opposed by the US government and international corporations (Pepsi-Cola, ITT, and Chase Manhattan Bank especially); CIA begins coup attempts; Allende nationalizes key industries
**a number of previously classified documents have recently been released showing clear involvement of Nixon, Kissinger and others; Freedom of Information Act and the National Security Archive; Christopher Hitchens (2001) The Trial of Henry Kissinger

Fidel Castro visits Allende in Chile

1973: Sept. 11th Allende commits suicide as a CIA backed coup installs Gen. Augusto Pinochet as president; he brings in "the Chicago Boys" to run the economy

1990: a new president (socialist) but Pinochet remains commander-in-chief of military
1994: Eduardo Frei elected president
1998: Pinochet indicted by Spanish court (detained 17 months in Britain)
1999: Ricardo Lagos elected president (socialist)
2000: Pinochet indicted in Chile
2001: Pinochet placed under house arrest; ruled incompetent to stand trial